The way I learned math, history and the history of numbers, it always gave great credit to the Greeks and the Arabs for our current mathematical and arithmetic systems.
I was taught that the Greeks gave us geometry and the Arabs gave us our system of integers.
Wrong. Wrong.
The Sumerians, 1000 years before the Greeks and 2000 years before the Arabs gave us the base 60 numeric system. Base 60 is the method that is used to calculate all angles. A 90° angle a 45° angle are based on 180° triangle and a 360° circle.
The Sumerians gave the Egyptians sufficient geometry to build the pyramids and pass this on to the Greeks.
The base 60 is also the source of everyone's time system: seconds, minutes and hours are based on the Sumerians contributions. They were passed along without recognition of their primary role in the world of math. They were passed along with a full understanding of the zero decimal integer and a modern system of numbers.
The Arabs did not create either our numeric system or our algebraic system. That came from a combination of Indians and Persians using the earlier Sumerian systems.
As a pilot, I land an airplane on runway 24right. 240 is Southwest on the 360 compass.
All praise to the Sumerians and our base 60 world.