It is most obvious in architecture where we replaced froufrou and luscious ornamentation with stark flat surfaces and visual austerity. Think who is the great hero architect of the modern buildings... Mies van der Rohe.
Modernity is evident in every aspect of our lives from household appliances to automobiles and graphic design.
The main driving presumption behind modernity was that ornamentation and froufrou were the by-products of earlier sentimentality and visual clutter. Modernity was conceived as a response to rational thought.
Churches were highly ornamented to encourage religious feelings. Modernity was intended to support scientific clarity in thinking.
It is my personal view, based on the level of religious fantasy (Lefty politics) and widespread pseudo-science hysteria (human caused global warming) that modernity had no perceptible effect on popular world views.
I don't think modernity encouraged rational thought. I see so little around me, especially among scientists.