The Arab world takes credit for much of algebra
and higher mathematics. I have pointed out in that past that Arabs
have made a small or negligible contribution to the rational world.
Both the word and the notion of algebra comes from the work of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī who was a mathematician and translator. He is al-Khwārizmī because he came from the town of Khwārizmī which was in Uzbekistan. Al-Khwārizmī was a Persian who worked in Bagdhad, a great center of learning.
Al-Khwārizmī's great contribution was the translation of a Hindu book into Arabic in the 9th Century. The book was translated into Latin in the 13th Century giving the European world the Latin number, the decimal place, most of algebra and the term we use today: algorithm.
A bizarre case where the Indians shaped our rational world and a Persian translator in an Arab land gets undue credit.